DrawdownExplorer

The world’s ultimate climate solutions platform

We know what we need to do: stop climate change as quickly as possible. Now, with the Drawdown Explorer, we know how to do it.

Building upon thousands of hours of analysis by scientific experts from around the world, the Drawdown Explorer provides detailed information on the many technologies and practices proven or proposed to effectively reduce greenhouse warming pollution in the atmosphere.

The Drawdown Explorer analyzes solutions in four categories:

  • Highly Recommended: solutions that meet all of Project Drawdown’s criteria for global climate solutions
  • Worthwhile: solutions that can still help mitigate climate change but do not meet the scale to be considered a major climate solution
  • Keep Watching: solutions that have potential but are not yet available in the real world – or the technology still lacks clear effectiveness, evidence, or a reasonable cost – and are not yet ready to be deployed
  • Not Recommended: solutions that, at the end of the day, we do not recommend as a climate solution, either because they are not scientifically plausible or they present a high level of risk.

Browse the full complement of Drawdown Explorer solutions below, or filter by criteria of your choice using dropdowns or the table format. Then click through to individual solutions to get a close-up view of current and potential impact – including, for recommended solutions, the optimal timing, cost, additional benefits,  interactive maps showing where action can have the greatest impact, and specific advice for how you, whatever your role, can best put the solution to work. 

From Science to Solutions  

The climate crisis is urgent, so it’s critical that the solutions are fast-acting and effective.

Drawdown Explorer identifies and characterizes the most effective climate solutions that can address climate change on a meaningful scale today. It also provides valuable insights into proposed solutions that are not viable, not impactful enough, or not yet ready for prime time.

See A Primer on Science-Based Climate Solutions to learn more about the science behind our next-generation guide to meaningful climate action.

Last updated June 30, 2025

Browse Solutions

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Deploy Clean Cooking
Family cooking on a clean stove indoors
Highly Recommended
Use Heat Pumps
Heat pumps
Highly Recommended
Deploy LED Lighting
Office building exterior showing many floors of indoor lit offices
Highly Recommended
Deploy Offshore Wind Turbines
Offshore wind turbines
Highly Recommended
Deploy Alternative Insulation Materials
Worker sprays insulation in building frame.
Highly Recommended
Improve Cement Production: Alternative fuels
Materials pile at cement manufacturing facility
Highly Recommended
Improve Cement Production: Clinker substitution
Cement factory
Highly Recommended
Improve Cement Production: Efficiency upgrades
Cement manufacturing facility
Highly Recommended
Increase Centralized Composting
Centralized composting facility
Highly Recommended
Improve Landfill Management: Biocovers
Landfill with biocover
Highly Recommended
Improve Landfill Management: Methane capture
Methane tap valve from a landfill
Highly Recommended
Mobilize Electric Bicycles: Private electric bicycles
Parent riding electric bicycle with children seated in back carrier
Highly Recommended
Mobilize Electric Bicycles: Shared electric bicycles
Rack of electric bicycles as part of a bike sharing service
Worthwhile
Mobilize Electric Cars
Electric car plugged into charging station
Highly Recommended
Mobilize Hybrid Cars
Start button on a hybrid vehicle
Highly Recommended
Improve Nonmotorized Transportation
Many people in a crosswalk viewed from above
Highly Recommended
Enhance Public Transit
Train with city in the distance
Highly Recommended
Manage Coal Mine Methane
Worker in a coal mine
Highly Recommended
Manage Oil & Gas Methane
Oil wells and flame coming from flare stack
Highly Recommended
Reduce Food Loss & Waste
Apples in crates with worker on tablet
Highly Recommended
Improve Nutrient Management
Farm equipment applying fertilizer selectively
Highly Recommended
Improve Annual Cropping
Crops in a field
Highly Recommended
Protect Coastal Wetlands: Mangrove ecosystems
Mangroves with roots underwater
Highly Recommended
Protect Coastal Wetlands: Salt marsh ecosystems
Birds flying over wetland
Worthwhile
Protect Coastal Wetlands: Seagrass ecosystems
Seagrasses
Highly Recommended
Protect Forests: Boreal
Boreal forest
Highly Recommended
Protect Forests: Subtropical
Subtropical forest
Highly Recommended
Protect Forests: Temperate
Temperate forest
Highly Recommended
Protect Forests: Tropical
Fog sitting among trees of a dense forest canopy
Highly Recommended
Protect Peatlands: Boreal
boreal peatland
Highly Recommended
Protect Peatlands: Subtropical
Subtropical peatland
Highly Recommended
Protect Peatlands: Temperate
temperate peatland
Highly Recommended
Protect Peatlands: Tropical
Tropical peatland
Highly Recommended
Deploy Silvopasture
Cows grazing among trees
Highly Recommended
Boost Appliance & Equipment Efficiency
Washing machines on conveyer belts in a factory
Worthwhile
Use Low-Flow Fixtures
Water streaming from shower head
Worthwhile
Improve Fishing Vessel Efficiency
An image of the stern of a fishing boat
Worthwhile
Improve Aquaculture
An image of an aquaculture facility
Worthwhile
Improve Manure Management
An image of a manure pit in an agricultural field
Worthwhile
Reduce Overfishing
An image of a fishing boat at sea
Worthwhile
Deploy District Cooling
A large district cooling facility
Keep Watching
Deploy Micro Wind Turbines
Micro wind turbine on hillside
Keep Watching
Deploy Nuclear Fusion
A graphic showing the inside of a nuclear fusion reactor
Keep Watching
Deploy Small Modular Nuclear Reactors
Exterior of a small modular nuclear facility
Keep Watching
Improve District Heating: Industry
A district heating facility
Keep Watching
Deploy Plastic Alternatives / Bioplastics
Colorful smoothies in plastic cups with label 100% biodegradable
Keep Watching
Mobilize Green Hydrogen for Aviation and Trucking
A graphic of a clear bubble in the form of a molecule with a green background
Keep Watching
Deploy Sustainable Aviation Fuel
Airline jet engine
Keep Watching
Advance Cultivated Meat
Fried chicken sandwich
Keep Watching
Use Feed Additives
Cow at feeding station
Keep Watching
Improve Ruminant Breeding
Rancher holding a tablet device walks among grazing cattle
Keep Watching
Protect Seafloors
An image of a seafloor featuring two pinkish-orange anemones
Keep Watching
Deploy Enhanced Rock Weathering
Basalt
Keep Watching
Deploy Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
An image of the frothy crest of a wave
Keep Watching
Use Carbon Capture & Storage on Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Power plant emissions
Not Recommended
Produce Blue Hydrogen
An image of a large, metal hydrogen storage tank that says 'H2 Hydrogen' on the side
Not Recommended
Deploy Vertical Farms
An image of a vertical farm featuring rows of vegetables
Not Recommended
Deploy Ocean Biomass Sinking
An image of kelp suspended in the water column
Not Recommended
Deploy Ocean Fertilization
An aerial view of the Earth with colorful plankton blooms in the ocean off the coast of a landmass
Not Recommended
Deploy Direct Air Capture
An image of large fans used for direct air capture of carbon dioxide
Not Recommended
Deploy Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
An image of the upper atmosphere
Not Recommended
Improve District Heating: Buildings
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Solar Hot Water
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Building Envelopes
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Automate Building Systems
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Windows & Glass
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Concentrated Solar
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Distributed Solar PV
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Geothermal Power
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Grid Efficiency
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Nuclear Power
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Onshore Wind Turbines
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Small Hydropower
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Utility-Scale Solar PV
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Bioelectricity with Carbon Capture & Storage
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Boost Industrial Efficiency
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Methane Digesters
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Alternative Refrigerants
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Increase Industrial Electrification
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Low-Emission Industrial Feedstocks
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Other Building Materials
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Increase Recycling
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Refrigerant Management
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Aviation Efficiency
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Increase Carpooling
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Mobilize Electric Scooters & Motorcycles
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Mobilize Electric Trains
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Mobilize Electric Trucks & Buses
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Enhance High-Speed Rail
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Ocean Shipping Efficiency
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Supply Chain Efficiency
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Truck Efficiency
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Hold Virtual Meetings
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Reduce Crop Residue Burning
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Diets
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Forest Management
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Protect Grasslands & Savannas
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Rice Production
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Restore Abandoned Farmland
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Agroforestry
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Biomass Crops on Degraded Land
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Restore Forests
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Restore Grasslands & Savannas
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Improve Livestock Grazing
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Restore Peatlands
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Deploy Perennial Crops
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Restore Seaweed
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Protect Seaweed
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Produce Bio Oils
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Produce Biochar
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Support Family Planning & Education
Coming Soon
Highly Recommended
Use Cool Roofs
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Deploy Ocean Power
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Deploy Waste to Energy
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Increase Decentralized Composting
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Improve Irrigation Efficiency
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Restore Coastal Wetlands
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Boost Large Herbivore Restoration
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Boost Whale Restoration
Coming Soon
Worthwhile
Deploy Agrivoltaics
Coming Soon
Keep Watching
Deploy Industrial Green Hydrogen
Coming Soon
Keep Watching
Deploy Low-Carbon Biofuels
Coming Soon
Keep Watching
Explore Ocean Electrochemistry
Coming Soon
Keep Watching
Deploy Seaweed Farming
Coming Soon
Keep Watching
Produce Bio Bricks
Coming Soon
Keep Watching
Use Corn-Based Ethanol
Coming Soon
Not Recommended
Advance Artificial Upwelling
Coming Soon
Not Recommended
Action Solution Solution Classification Mode Sector Cluster Adoption Unit Effectiveness t CO₂‑eq (100-yr)/unit Adoption Current Adoption Achievable Range GHG Impact Gt CO₂-eq (100‑yr)/yr Cost US$ per t CO₂‑eq Climate Pollutants Mitigated Speed of Action Additional Benefits
Deploy Alternative Insulation Materials Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials

insulation units of 100 m² and 1 m²·K/W

1.59 1.4×10⁷/yr 2.9×10⁷ to 7.3×10⁷/yr 0.05 to 0.12 -121.00

CO₂, F-gas

Emergency Brake
Improve Annual Cropping Highly Recommended Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Shift Agriculture Practices

ha cropland

1.8/yr 2.674×10⁸ 3.317×10⁸ to 7×10⁸ 0.43 to 1.09 47.80

CO₂, N₂O

Delayed
Improve Cement Production: Clinker substitution Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials

Mt clinker avoided

690,000 980/yr 1,000 to 2,000/yr 0.70 to 1.00 -30.00

CO₂

Gradual
Improve Cement Production: Alternative fuels Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials

Mt cement produced using alternative fuels

96,000 300/yr 610 to 2,000/yr 0.06 to 0.20 -50.00

CO₂

Gradual
Improve Cement Production: Efficiency upgrades Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials

GJ thermal energy input reduced from current levels/yr

0.085 0/yr 8.86×10⁸ to 1.18×10⁹/yr 0.08 to 0.10 -60.00

CO₂

Gradual
Increase Centralized Composting Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Use Waste as a Resource

t organic waste

3.9 7.8×10⁷/yr 1.56×10⁸ to 2.44×10⁸/yr 0.60 to 0.95 10.00

CO₂,  CH₄

Emergency Brake
Deploy Clean Cooking Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings Shift Energy Sources

household switching to cleaner cooking

2.3/yr 4.2×10⁸ to 4.2×10⁸ 0.98 to 0.98 27.00

CO₂, CH₄, BC

Emergency Brake
Manage Coal Mine Methane Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Other Energy Cut Fugitive Emissions

Mt methane abated

2.79×10⁷ 0.59/yr 2.83 to 4.4/yr 0.08 to 0.12 -3.17

CH₄ , N₂O, BC

Emergency Brake
Protect Coastal Wetlands: Mangrove ecosystems Highly Recommended Cut Emissions FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

7.88/yr 2.94×10⁶ 7.85×10⁶ to 1.1×10⁷ 0.06 to 0.09 1.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Protect Coastal Wetlands: Salt marsh ecosystems Worthwhile Cut Emissions FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

4.78/yr 1.24×10⁶ 3.75×10⁶ to 5.25×10⁶ 0.02 to 0.03 2.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Protect Coastal Wetlands: Seagrass ecosystems Highly Recommended Cut Emissions FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

3.56/yr 3.86×10⁶ 1.57×10⁷ to 2.2×10⁷ 0.06 to 0.08 -6.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Mobilize Electric Bicycles: Private electric bicycles Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles

1,000 electric bicycles

110.5/yr 277,600 421,300 to 1.01×10⁶ 0.05 to 0.11 -1748.00

CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Mobilize Electric Bicycles: Shared electric bicycles Worthwhile Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles

1,000 electric bicycles

14.44/yr 2,000 22,010 to 69,260 0.00 to 0.00 22860.00

CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Mobilize Electric Cars Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles

million passenger-kilometers (million pkm)

48.52 818,900/yr 2.602×10⁷ to 4.731×10⁷/yr 1.26 to 2.30 -1019.00

CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Reduce Food Loss & Waste Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Curb Growing Demands

t reduced FLW

2.82 4.375×10⁸ to 8.75×10⁸/yr 1.23 to 2.47 -193.99

CO₂ CH₄ , N₂O

Emergency Brake
Protect Forests: Boreal Highly Recommended Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

0.299/yr 4.67×10⁸ 8.47×10⁸ to 8.61×10⁸ 0.25 to 0.26 2.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Protect Forests: Temperate Highly Recommended Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

1.403/yr 1.59×10⁸ 2.04×10⁸ to 3.78×10⁸ 0.29 to 0.53 2.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Protect Forests: Subtropical Highly Recommended Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

2.204/yr 1.12×10⁸ 1.26×10⁸ to 2.19×10⁸ 0.28 to 0.48 2.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Protect Forests: Tropical Highly Recommended Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

1.489/yr 9.36×10⁸ 1.12×10⁹ to 1.577×10⁹ 1.67 to 2.35 2.00

CO₂

Emergency Brake
Use Heat Pumps Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings & Electricity Enhance Efficiency, Shift Energy Sources

heat pump systems

0.95/yr 1.3×10⁸ 6×10⁸ to 9.6×10⁸ 0.57 to 0.91 -200.00

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Mobilize Hybrid Cars Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Enhance Efficiency

million passenger kilometers (million pkm)

27.11 1.318×10⁶/yr 1.183×10⁷ to 2.957×10⁷/yr 0.32 to 0.80 264.00

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Improve Landfill Management: Methane capture Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Cut Fugitive Emissions

Mt methane abated

2.79×10⁷ 1.59/yr 4.5 to 34.78/yr 0.13 to 0.97 -6.42

CH₄, N₂O, BC

Emergency Brake
Improve Landfill Management: Biocovers Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Cut Fugitive Emissions

Mt methane abated

2.79×10⁷ 0/yr 35.13 to 57.04/yr 0.98 to 1.59 0.47

CH₄, N₂O, BC

Emergency Brake
Deploy LED Lighting Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Enhance Efficiency

% lamps LED

7.09×10⁶/yr 50.5 87 to 92 0.62 to 0.65 -175.00

CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Improve Nonmotorized Transportation Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Shift to Alternatives

million passenger kilometers (million pkm)

115.6 5.556×10⁶/yr 1.236×10⁷ to 1.634×10⁷/yr 1.43 to 1.89 -1771.00

CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Improve Nutrient Management Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices

t avoided excess nitrogen application

6 1.045×10⁷/yr 6.985×10⁷ to 9.106×10⁷/yr 0.42 to 0.54 -85.21

N₂O

Gradual
Deploy Offshore Wind Turbines Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production

MW installed capacity

1,900/yr 73,000 1×10⁶ to 1.6×10⁶ 1.90 to 3.04

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Manage Oil & Gas Methane Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Other Energy Cut Fugitive Emissions

Mt methane abated

2.79×10⁷ 3.26 to 8.84/yr 0.09 to 0.25 -6.20

CH₄, N₂O, BC

Emergency Brake
Protect Peatlands: Boreal Highly Recommended Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

0.92/yr 5.4×10⁷ 1.99×10⁸ to 2.55×10⁸ 0.18 to 0.24 0.25

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O

Emergency Brake
Protect Peatlands: Temperate Highly Recommended Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

4.42/yr 1.3×10⁷ 1.8×10⁷ to 2.4×10⁷ 0.08 to 0.11 0.25

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O

Emergency Brake
Protect Peatlands: Subtropical Highly Recommended Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

13.47/yr 2.63×10⁷ 9×10⁶ to 1.1×10⁷ 0.12 to 0.15 0.25

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O

Emergency Brake
Protect Peatlands: Tropical Highly Recommended Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal Protect & Manage Ecosystems

ha protected

13.23/yr 3.5×10⁷ 7.2×10⁷ to 9.2×10⁷ 0.95 to 1.22 0.25

CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O

Emergency Brake
Enhance Public Transit Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Shift to Alternatives

million passenger kilometers (million pkm)

58.27 6.784×10⁶/yr 1.203×10⁷ to 1.767×10⁷/yr 0.70 to 1.03 -3300.00

CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC

Gradual
Deploy Silvopasture Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Shift Agriculture Practices

ha converted from grazing land to silvopasture

9.81/yr 1.414×10⁸ 1.47×10⁸ to 2.063×10⁸ 0.40 to 0.98 43.25

CO₂

Delayed
Boost Appliance & Equipment Efficiency Worthwhile Cut Emissions Buildings & Electricity Enhance Efficiency
    Improve Aquaculture Worthwhile Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices
      Improve Fishing Vessel Efficiency Worthwhile Cut Emissions Transportation Enhance Efficiency
        Use Low-Flow Fixtures Worthwhile Cut Emissions Buildings & Electricity Enhance Efficiency
          Improve Manure Management Worthwhile Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices
            Reduce Overfishing Worthwhile Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Restore & Manage Ecosystems
              Advance Cultivated Meat Keep Watching Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Curb Growing Demands
                Deploy District Cooling Keep Watching Cut Emissions Electricity Enhance Efficiency
                  Improve District Heating: Industry Keep Watching Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Shift Energy Sources
                    Deploy Enhanced Rock Weathering Keep Watching Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles
                      Use Feed Additives Keep Watching Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices
                        Mobilize Green Hydrogen for Aviation and Trucking Keep Watching Cut Emissions Transportation Fuel Switching
                          Deploy Micro Wind Turbines Keep Watching Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production
                            Deploy Nuclear Fusion Keep Watching Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production
                              Deploy Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Keep Watching Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles
                                Deploy Plastic Alternatives / Bioplastics Keep Watching Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials
                                  Improve Ruminant Breeding Keep Watching Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices
                                    Protect Seafloors Keep Watching Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Protect & Manage Ecosystems
                                      Deploy Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Keep Watching Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production
                                        Deploy Sustainable Aviation Fuel Keep Watching Cut Emissions Transportation Fuel Switching
                                          Produce Blue Hydrogen Not Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Processes
                                            Use Carbon Capture & Storage on Fossil Fuel Power Plants Not Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production
                                              Deploy Direct Air Capture Not Recommended Remove Carbon Industrial Carbon Removal Carbon Removal & Storage
                                                Deploy Ocean Biomass Sinking Not Recommended Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon, Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage
                                                  Deploy Ocean Fertilization Not Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles
                                                    Deploy Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Not Recommended Other Geoengineering Solar Radiation Management
                                                      Deploy Vertical Farms Not Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices
                                                        Restore Abandoned Farmland Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Use Degraded Land Coming Soon
                                                          Deploy Agroforestry Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Shift Agriculture Practices Coming Soon
                                                            Deploy Alternative Refrigerants Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials Coming Soon
                                                              Improve Aviation Efficiency Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                Produce Bio Oils Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Industrial Carbon Removal Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage Coming Soon
                                                                  Produce Biochar Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Industrial Carbon Removal Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage Coming Soon
                                                                    Deploy Bioelectricity with Carbon Capture & Storage Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity & Industry Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                      Deploy Biomass Crops on Degraded Land Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Use Degraded Land Coming Soon
                                                                        Improve Building Envelopes Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings & Electricity Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                          Automate Building Systems Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings & Electricity Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                            Increase Carpooling Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Shift to Alternatives Coming Soon
                                                                              Deploy Concentrated Solar Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                Reduce Crop Residue Burning Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices Coming Soon
                                                                                  Improve Diets Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Curb Growing Demands Coming Soon
                                                                                    Deploy Distributed Solar PV Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                      Improve District Heating: Buildings Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings Shift Energy Sources Coming Soon
                                                                                        Mobilize Electric Scooters & Motorcycles Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching Coming Soon
                                                                                          Mobilize Electric Trains Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching Coming Soon
                                                                                            Mobilize Electric Trucks & Buses Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching Coming Soon
                                                                                              Support Family Planning & Education Highly Recommended Society Health & Education Coming Soon
                                                                                                Improve Forest Management Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Protect & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                  Restore Forests Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                    Deploy Geothermal Power Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                      Restore Grasslands & Savannas Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                        Protect Grasslands & Savannas Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Protect & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                          Improve Grid Efficiency Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Improve Electrical System Coming Soon
                                                                                                            Enhance High-Speed Rail Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Shift to Alternatives Coming Soon
                                                                                                              Boost Industrial Efficiency Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity & Industry Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                                                                Increase Industrial Electrification Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Processes Coming Soon
                                                                                                                  Improve Livestock Grazing Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Shift Agriculture Practices Coming Soon
                                                                                                                    Deploy Low-Emission Industrial Feedstocks Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials Coming Soon
                                                                                                                      Deploy Methane Digesters Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity & Industry Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                        Deploy Nuclear Power Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                          Improve Ocean Shipping Efficiency Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                                                                            Deploy Onshore Wind Turbines Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                              Improve Other Building Materials Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Materials Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                Restore Peatlands Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                  Deploy Perennial Crops Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Shift Agriculture Practices Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                    Increase Recycling Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Use Waste as a Resource Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                      Improve Refrigerant Management Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Cut Fugitive Emissions Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                        Improve Rice Production Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices

                                                                                                                                        ha

                                                                                                                                        2.03/yr 4.865×10⁷ 4.956×10⁷ to 7.753×10⁷ 0.10 to 0.16 -175.00

                                                                                                                                        CH₄ , N₂O

                                                                                                                                        Emergency Brake
                                                                                                                                        Restore Seaweed Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                          Protect Seaweed Highly Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                            Deploy Small Hydropower Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                              Deploy Solar Hot Water Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings Shift Energy Sources Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                Improve Supply Chain Efficiency Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                  Improve Truck Efficiency Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                    Deploy Utility-Scale Solar PV Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                      Hold Virtual Meetings Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Shift to Alternatives Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                        Improve Windows & Glass Highly Recommended Cut Emissions Buildings & Electricity Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                          Restore Coastal Wetlands Worthwhile Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                            Use Cool Roofs Worthwhile Cut Emissions Electricity Enhance Efficiency Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                              Increase Decentralized Composting Worthwhile Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Use Waste as a Resource Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                Improve Irrigation Efficiency Worthwhile Cut Emissions Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean (FALO) Shift Agriculture Practices Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                  Boost Large Herbivore Restoration Worthwhile Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                    Deploy Ocean Power Worthwhile Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                      Deploy Waste to Energy Worthwhile Cut Emissions Electricity & Industry Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                        Boost Whale Restoration Worthwhile Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Restore & Manage Ecosystems Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                          Deploy Agrivoltaics Keep Watching Cut Emissions Electricity Shift Production Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                            Produce Bio Bricks Keep Watching Remove Carbon Industrial Carbon Removal Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                              Deploy Industrial Green Hydrogen Keep Watching Cut Emissions Industry, Materials & Waste Improve Processes Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                                Deploy Low-Carbon Biofuels Keep Watching Cut Emissions Transportation Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                                  Explore Ocean Electrochemistry Keep Watching Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                                    Deploy Seaweed Farming Keep Watching Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Shift Agriculture Practices Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                                      Advance Artificial Upwelling Not Recommended Remove Carbon Nature-Based Carbon Removal Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles Coming Soon
                                                                                                                                                                                        Use Corn-Based Ethanol Not Recommended Cut Emissions Transportation Fuel Switching Coming Soon

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